Means for regulating clocks by hertzian waves.



G. A. GOODSON. MEANS FOR BEGULATING CLOCKS BY HERTZIAN WAVES.

APPLICATION FILED 113.21, 1910.

Patented Jan. 5, 1915.

8 SHEETS-BREE! 1.

G. A. GOODSON. MEANS FOR BEGULATING CLOCKS BY HERTZIAN WAVES.

APPLICATION FILED FEBJH, 1910. 1,1 24, 129, Patented Jan. 5,1915.

I? 8 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

when. Y %/%f04 a Gimp. Q. 'ooafisan.

G..A. GOODSON.

MEANS FOR REGULATING CLOCKS BY HBRTZIAN WAVES.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.21. 1910.

1,124, 1 29. Patented Jan. 5, 1915.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

- G. A. GOODSON. MEANS FOR REGULATING cLocKs BY HERTZIAN WAVES.

APPLIUATION FILED PEILBI. 1010.

1,124,129, Patented Jan.5, 1915.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 4,

(yak/Ma iflkfgewejz/ g y'aa 4000/5011 a MI I G. A, eoanson. MEANS FOR. REGULATING GLOGKS BY HEBTZIAN WAVES.

APPLIOATIOI FILED PEB.21, 1910,

1,124,129. Patented Jan.5,1915.

a SHEETS-SHEET 5.

Fay-6.

G. A..GO0DSON.

MEANS FOR REGULATING CLOCKS BY HEBTZIAN WAVES.

APPLICATION FILED IEB.21, 1910.

1,124,129. Patented Jan. 5, 1915.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

Mi/220.45%" f; aootzon 6i" W '33- l s Wad wigs figmfaz M 6119 G. A. GOODSON.

MEANS FOR REGULATING CLOCKS BY HERTZIAN WAVES.

APPLICATION FILED 1133.21, 1910.

1,124,129, Patented Jan. 5, 1915.

a Aw Moo n g G. A. GOODSON.

MEANS FOR REGULATING CLOCKS BY HBBTZIAN WAVES.

APPLICATION rum) 312.21, 1910.

1,124,129. Patented Jan. 5,1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 8. it .19 4 5 J w.

Z5 Maw $60733. a. 6001 a 14% $3, 1416 Mad nays- UNITED STATES P E T. OFFICE.

GEORGE A. GOODSON, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA.

MEANS FOR REGUIATING- CLOCKS BY HERTZIAN WAVES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J an.- 5, 1915.

Application filed February 21, 1910. Serial No. 545,022.

To allechom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE A. GooosoN, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at Minneapolis, in the county of Hennepin and State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Means for Regulating Clocks by Hertzian 'VVaves; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description gal engine-driven governor.

of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My present invention relates to means forI regulating clocksby Hertzian waves or electip-magnetic oscillations and isin the nal ation of clocks located 'at points distant from the regulating or sending station.

Briefly outlined, this apparatus comprises as follows: At the sending or regulating station, for generating the Hertzian waves or electro-ma gnetic oscillations; I employ an alternating current generator which is connected to a sending'antenna or aerial'wire through a step-up transformer. For driving the generator, I employ a multi-cylinder explosive engine, the throttle, timer and igniter of which are controlled by a centrifu- The engine is cranked or given its initial'starting speed by a small electric motor and ,this' motor is controlled, primarily, by a 'mastereclock,

through a discharge-r and an engine starting switch. Assoriiified with the so-called discharger is a so--c ed time'circuit switch and sparking switch, which latter, in a sense,

.. constitute a part of the said discharger. At

,each receiving station,of which-there may "be practically an unlimited number, one or morereceptor clocks are 'connected 'or yadapted'to be connected to a coherer, one

'de of 'hich-isgrounded and the otherside is connected to areceivingantenna.

he clock comprises an electrically actuated setting device or time correct-or, which is connected in a local circuit having a relatively strong battery, and which circuit is adapted to be closed by a relay actuated by a magnet connected in another local circuit having. a relatively weak battery, of such'loW potential that its current will flow. through the filings of the coherer onlyafter the resistance of the latter has been reduced by the passage therethrough of Hertzian waves sent out from the sending station.

Connected in multiple, in the local circuit, is

a decoherer and a so-called selector. function of the decoherer is, as is well understood; to restore the filings of the coherer to normal condition, and in the improved apparatus, this decoherer is a part essentially distinct from the mechanism of the receptor clock and is operated as long as the local receiving circuit is closed. The socalled selector is a magnetically actuated device, the action of which is retarded or timed byproper setti'ngor adjustment, so that'the-Hert'zian waves from vthe sending station must becontinued for some definite predetermined period,say five seconds, for

example, in order that they may be eifective .on the receptor -clock.- The chief purpose of this so-called selector is to make the receptor clock non-sensitive to, or. uneifected by, Hertzian waves sent through space for the purpose oftransmitting messages, such,

- for example, as those sent by the Marconi system of wireless telegraphy.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate the invention, like characters indicate like parts throughout the several views.

Referring. to the drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view' of the mechanism at the sendiiig-station; Fig. 2 is a view in front elevation, with parts broken away and some parts removed, showing the master-clock which is located at the sending station; Fig.-

3 is a side elevation of the parts shown in The Fig- 2; Fig. 4 is a fragmentary detail in front elevation, showing a portion of the master-clock; Fig. 5 isv a plan view of the spark-generating plant .of the sending station; Fig. 6 1s a side elevation of the parts ishown in Fig. 5; Fig. 6 isa section showing one of the niagfiet controlled compression valvesof the engine structure; Fig. 7 1s a detail in section on the line m w" of Fig. 6,

showing a one-way friction clutch of the sparkgeneratin plant; Fig. 8 is a view partly; in elevatlon and party in section on ,the line a waif Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a detail in horizontal section taken on the line 12 w of Fig. 6, showing the governor control, motor cut-out and engine cut-in switches; Fig. 10

'-. is a section taken on the irregular line m Fig. 16 is a front elevation of the dis- I charger Figs. 17 and 18 are detail Views in elevation showing different cams and cooperating levers of the discharger; Fig. 19 is a diagrammatic View of the receptor cloc which is located at a point distant from the sending station and has noconnection with the sending station, except such as' is afforded bythe ether and the earth; Fig-20 is a vertical section taken on the line m m of Fig. .19, showing the so-calledselector for cooperation with the receptor clock and Fig. 21 is a side elevation of parts of the selector with the cup or casing removed.

Master-clock..Themaster-clock, which is the primary controlling element of. the entire system, may be of any approved construction so far as its general features are concerned, but is preferably an electrically wound or actuated pendulum clock which is kept in accurate time.

Referring particularly to Figs. 2, 3 and 4, a represents a metallic framework Which supports the clock mechanism, afindicates the pendulum, a the second hand,'. fq the minute hand, and a the hour. hand of, the

master-clock Thesecond hand a carries a cam a and the minute hand a carries-a spur pinion a".'- The pinion a meshes with'a 9 spur gear a, as shown, of .three times the, diameter thereof, and the said gearfa 'carries a cam a Obviously, from the above statements, the cam a will'be'rotated' once every minute, while the f cam a will be rotated once every three hours. Thec'am a operateson the inner end of-an intermedif ately pivoted contact lever a", the weighted "outer end of which tends to normally engage a contact screw a supportedby, but insulated )from, the clock framework a. Said contact lever a is provided with-an up wardly, extended arm a and it is normally engaged by the depending end of a bell crank contact lever a", the inner, end of which is subject to theslowmoving cam at The depending end of the said Contact lever a tends to'normally engage with the consecured on, but insulated from,

tact screw a the clock framework a. A third contact 1e,

ver a is intermediatelypivoted to the framework 11, at its inner end, is subject to the cam a and, at its outer end, .tends to normally engage with a contact screw a supported by, but insulated from, the clock framework'a'.

In a commercial operative clocksetting system which I have put into actual use, I

have employed what I herein designate as a spark-generating plant and which includes a 36 kilowat alternating current generator, a multi-cylinder explosive engine for driving I the said generator to produce the spark when a certain desired speed has been enquired, and an electric motor and cooperating parts for automatically cranking and starting the engine, under control of the mastei clock.

I Alternating generator-The alternating generator is indicated as an entirety by the character I) and, in the present instance, its revolving field is carried by a shaft 6 one I end of whichis connected to the crank shaft of the driving engine preferably by a flexible coupling 6 The field terminals of the generator are indicated by Z2 andthe armature terminals are indicated by b.

E wplosz've angina-The multi-cylinder engine may-be of anV standard type and is indicated as an entirety by the character 0. Its crank shaft 0 as already indicated, is directlyfbut 'fiexibly connected to the shaft of the alternating currentgenerator by the coupling 6 as best shown in Fig. 5. The explosive vapor is delivered into the cylinder of the engine from a carbureter 0 through the body and branches of a'vapor pipe 0 which is arranged to be opened and closed by. a throttle Valve gmechanism c prefer' ably of standard construction, but which, in

to be'opfined (seeFig. 1) byv a movement toa ward the right of a long lever 0 pivoted at its-lower end and provided with a contact the igniter' circuits 0 to the several'cylindersv of the engine. The customary timer o best shown'in Fig.1, has a shaft which, fora purpose which will'presently] be noted is provided with an arm a". a

Normally, the cylinders. of the explosive terminate in valveseats a formed in cup; .like headsof normally opened pet-cocks 0 These vent been given a proper adapted to be closed the needle valve type,

cranking speed, are by vent valves c -of which, as shown, work engine, are open at their compression ends; (see' particularly Fig. .6), through vent pipes c which at their upper extremities passages,'ater the engine has the application of my invention,- is arranged gaged with the contact. 0 thereby closing engine out in switchesr-These two switches are reversely operated by the centrifugal governor .0

and to this end, the vertically movable governor stem is provided with upper and lower arms 0 the laterally extended ends of which are engageable with a pair of switch tripping levers 0 best shown in Figs. 9 and 10. The two tripping levers 0 and 0 are rigidly connected to a common rock shaftjonrnaled in a bearing 0'. The lever 0 is longer than the'lever c and the said levers are provided, respectively, at their free ends, with projecting trip pins 0 and 0 A quite long coiled spring 0 is, as shown, attached to the pins 0 and to a fixed support 0 which spring is arranged to yieldingly hold the levers 0 and 0 alternately above and below the dead center in respect to the said spring. a

The. so-called motor cut-out switch and the so-called engine cut-in switch are of substantially the same construction and both are best shown'in Figs. 1, 9 and 10. The said motor cut-out switch comprises a pair 'of mercury contact cups (2 and (Z and the engine cut-in switch comprises a pair of mercury-containing contact cups 6 and 6 The outer contact cups (Z and e are insulated from th engine frame, while the inner contact cups a? and e are grounded through the engine frame.

03 indicates a contact lever pivoted at 0Z and provided with a short outwardly extended finger d adapted to be engaged by the trip pin 0 of the lever 0 end, the contact leverd is provided with a U-slhaped contact d the depending prongs of which normally are dipped in themercury of the cups d and d g y e? indicates a contact lever which is pivoted at e and provided with a short inwardly projecting finger 6*, that is adapted to be engaged by-the trip pins 0 of' the trip lever 0 At its free end, the contact lever e is provided with a U-shaped contact 0", the depending prongs of which are,nor mally above and are adapted to be dipped in the mercury of the cups 6 and 6 As shown in Fig..10, the contact lever e is put under yielding pressure to rise by a light coiled spring e". The lever d is yieldingly At its freepressed upward by the same spring arrangement.

Engine cranking moton-The motor for cranking the engine, that is, for imparting to the crank shaft thereof the required initial starting speed is indicated as an entirety by the character f, and the terminals of its field are indicated by f and f ,-in Fig. 1. motor is provided with a spur pinion f (see Figs. 1, 7 and 8), that meshes with a s ur 'ear that is loosel mounted on aclutch hub f secured to the projecting adjacent end of the shaft 6 of the alternating current generator 6. On the face of the motor-driven gear 7 is a multiplicity of spring-pressed eccentric friction clutch members that engage the clutch hub 7. These eccentric clutch members 7 operate under a driving force from the cranking motor 7 to rotate the generator and engine crank shafts, as required to crank or start the engine; but when the said cranln'ng motor is thrown out of-action and the generatoris driven by the explosive engine, the said clutch members i slip freely and thereby permit the armature shaft of the cranking motor to remain stationary.-

Sending antenna and step-up transf01'me7'.The' sending antenna ,or aerial The armature shaft of the said wire 9 is connected by a wire 9 to one of a pair of condensing balls 9 the other of which balls is grounded by a wire 9 as shown in Fig. 1, and which two balls are spaced apart to afford the desired spark I 9 and 9 indicate, respectively, the primary and secondary coils of the step-up transformer, and the terminals of which latter coil are connected to the wires 9 and g on opposite sides of the balls 9 Starting and sparking swit0hes.These two devices are, as shown, of identically the same construction (see Figs. 1, 5 and 6) and are, as shown, applied, respectively, to insulating plates is and m, for the sake of a convenience, located on the engine supporting sub-structure 0 comprises an electromagnet 70 a pair of v contacts 70 and apivoted armature-equipped Said starting switch contact lever k that is normally springheld in a retracted or raised position, but is adapted to be moved into engagement with the contacts 20 when the magnet 70 is energized. The contacts k are applied to the insulating base is and are thereby insulated from each other. 'Of the corresponding parts of the so-called sparking switch, m indicates a magnet, m the insulated contacts on the base m, and m the armatureequipped contact lever which is normally spring retracted and ac apted to be forced into engagement with the contacts m when themagnet m is energized.

Time circuit swz'tak.This switch, as

shown, in Figs. 11 and 12 comprises a metal framework 11. mounted on an insulated base 1& and, provided with a bearing pedestal n The horizontal spindle n is fixed to the upper end of the pedestal W, and a sleeve 1?. is mounted to oscillate thereon. Rigidly secured to the sleeve n is a short arm a and a long spring-contact arm n. The short arm n has a' laterally projecting pin a that is subject to the. pronged upper end of a trip arm a the lower end of which is pivotal'ly connected to the pedestal n and is provided with oppositely off-set armatures n and n that are subject, respectively, to

magnets 91 and 11 mounted on the framemounted. Of the parts of this clockwork or spring motor, which is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 15, it is only necessary to specifically note one of the spring motordriven shafts p and a wheel p which latter is driven at a relatively high speed as compared with the shaft 39 and is provided with a profile stop pin or lug 39 that is normally pressed against the free end of a lock lever 39 The lock lever p is secured to a spindle p pivotally supported by the frame p and provided with a laterally bent trip arm 79, the end of which rests upon the free end of an armature lever 29*. This armature lever is pivotally connected at p to the frame p and, at its outerj end, has an armature 19 subject to a magnet p. A third and relatively long arm 17 having a hooked free' end, is also secured to the spindlep".

Rigidly secured to the shaft 39 are two cams p and p The said cams p and 37 are notched, respectively, at p andp. The hooked end of the arm p normally rests in the notch 19 and permits the engagement of the arm 39 with the stop pin 19*. Vertically movable contact plungers 'p" and p are mopri ments through insulated bearings p on the frame section [2 These plungers are adapted to engage respectively with contacts=p and 2 shown as connected to in- :j-;sulating bearings 17 on the frame section m -Spring contacts p and p engage, re-

ectivelyj-"withlthe lower endsof the con-w t ingers ffl and p and yleldingly me fupward. The spring conto magnets 10 and p ted for vertical movetacts 40, and Ware shown as rigidly secured to fixed insulatingblocksp Normally, the contact plungers p" and p are held at their lowermost or inoperative positions, respectively, by pivoted springpressed armature levers p and 10 supported-vby the frame p-and subject, respectively, As shown, the said arms 77 and 17 near their free ends, are provided with notches that normally engage the projecting ends of insulating lock blocks 19 secured to the lower ends of the two plungers p" and 39 Near their upper portions, the plungers p and p are provided,

respectively, with projecting bearing lugs Normally, the

p of insulating material. lug p of the plunger 20 engages the free end of a leaf spring 17 and holds the same out of engagement with the contact 39 (see Figs. 1 and l6)i a spring contact 20 and holds the same engaged with a companion contact 39 (see Fig. 14) which spring contact 79 when the plunger 10 is raised, as shown in Fig. 16,

two plungers 'p" and 11 so that under the rotation of the said cam 11, both plungers will be moved downward to a normal position and there secured by the engagement of the armature levers p and 19 7 with projecting blocksxg? thereof.

-Re0eptor cZ0'ck.At the receiving station Normally, also, the lug p .2 of the plunger 37" engages the free end of (which receiving stations may, of course, be

.practically unlimited in number), thereis a receptor clock installation comprising one or more receptor clocks proper, a single selector, a receiving antenna, a coherer, and

an. automatically actuated decoherer, to-

gether with suitable electrical connections, including, preferably, local battery circuits and a relay (see Figs. 19, 20 and 21). The receptor clock may be, and preferably is, an electrically wound clock of standard .or any suitable type and, hence, it is only necessary to note the minute hand 1' and the hour hand 1- The shaft 1' which carries the minute A hand 1', also carries a time-correcting disk or member 1, having a single V-shaped peripheral notch 1' The minute hand shaft r also carries a spur pinion 1" that. meshes with a spur gear 1- of three timesthe d1- ameter thereof, so that the said gear will be given a complete rotation, once every three hours which, it will be remembered, is the time of rotation of the cam a of the master'clock. This three "hour gear. is provided with a laterallyprojecting pm or lug 7" that is adapted to engage a short intermediate projection of a contact lever 7' that is intermediately pivoted at r. This contact arm 1' is grounded through the framework of the clockwork, and its downwardly bent free ends are adapted to be alternatelyengaged in the mercury of mercury-containing cups r and r. The lefthand end of the contact lever r is the heavier of the two ends so that normally the contact 7' will be connected to the clockwork and the contact 1' will be electrically dis connected therefrom. In Fig. 19, the righthand end of the contact lever r a is shown as engaged with the contact 7 by the action of the gear pin a on the short intermediate projection of said contact lever.

For engagement with the V-shaped notch r of the disk r of the minute hand shaft, is provided an armature-equipped clock-setting lever 1' which is pivoted at its upper end and is normally retracted by a light coil spring T, but is adapted to be given an operative movement by a magnet 1- The point of the laterally bent end of the setting lever is made web-shaped for engagement with the V-shaped notch n, and

' the said engaging parts are so related to each other and to the minute hand 1", that,

-whenever the said end of the lever is forced 'to the bottom of the said V.-shaped notch,

the minute hand n will be set exactly at twelve on theclock dial and, of course, the hour hand will be accurately set on the hour 'marks whenever the minute hand. is thus set.

Receiving antenna, coherer, deaokene-r and reZay.-The recelvlng antenna or aerial wire 8 is connected to the ground by a wire 8 through a coherer 8 as shown, of the type .Wherein nickel and silver filings are employed. The decoherer employed. involves an electro-magnet 8 a vibratory armature s which carries a clapper s and is engageable and disengageable with a fixed contact 8 This magnet and clapper are of the automatically electric bell structure and, in

practice, I have employed the mechanism of an electric bell, simply removing the bell proper and arranging the clapper to strike against the coherer s Of the parts of the relay, 8 indicates the magnet, s the spring-retracted armature 1ever and s the fixed contact with which the lever s is engaged when said magnet is energized.

SeZect0nOf theparts of this selector,

as preferably constructed, t indicatesa cup of brass or other non-magnetic material,

which is provided with an upper end" closuitable heavy liquid, such, for instance, as

glycerin, and the blades working therein retires under slow movements of the armature t when the magnets 25 are energized. Above the cover 2?, the spindle t is provided with a long finger "t whichis nor mally held by a spring connection i against a stop pin 25 which is insertable in any one of a series of perforations t formed in the said cover 25 On the cover 6 is a pair of mercury cup contacts 15 and Intermediately pivoted to a bearing bracket'f on the cover t is a light contact lever 2 having depending prongs that are adapted to be simultaneously dipped in the mercury of the cups If and 17 The hub of this contact lever 23 is provided with 2. depending finger 25 normally held against a stop pin i on the cover, by the weighted end. t of said lever. This finger t is adapted to be engaged by the finger of the armature actuated spindle 25*, to thereby force the prongs of the lever t into the mercury of he cups 2% and When the magnet t is energized,'armature 25 will be alined with the. cores thereof, and the prongs of contact lever t will be dipped into the cups 25 and t.

0perati0n.Fig. 1 shows. the condition of the master-clock and other parts of the installation at the sending station, at a time about four seconds before the even hour upon which the electrical vibration or Hertzian wave impulse is to be produced. The description/of the operation should, however, start from the time somewhat more than one-half minute prior to this wave producing period, at which time contacts ri -a and contact a ,a of the masterclock are separated, as shown in Fig. 2, while the contacts p 0 of the discharger are engaged and the discharged contacts 2 and p are separated. At this time, also,

the contact arm n of the time circuit switch is engaged with the righthand fixed contact n; the starting switch is and sparking switch m are both open; and, in the motor cut-out and engine cut-in switches, the contact d of the former is lowered into the cothat is, the clock runs in the usual way unefiected in any way by=1-the associated dey ces. At such'time, the contact lever 4"", instead of being in the position shown in said contact lever a".

Fig. 19, is connected to the mercury cup 9' and is disengaged from the mercury cup 1'. This breaks the so-called coherer circuit which includes a battery 1, wires 2, relay magnet 8 the clockwork, the lever r mercury contact T the cohercr's and a portion of wire 8 and atthe same time it short circuits the coherer through a circuit including one of the wires 2, the clockthe system; Directing the attention again to the sending station, let it be assumed that both the minute and second hands of the master-clock have reached a point within one-half minute from the hour terminal upon which the clock-setting Hertzian waves are to be generated. At-this time, the three hour cam a of-the masterclock drops the contact. lever a into engagement with the cooperating contact (L13 at a time while the contact. lever a is still held out of engagement with. the contact a by the minute hand cam a The immediate effect, of the engagement of the contacts a and a. is to close the electric circuit through the wire 4, the contacts p *-p. (which contacts are still engaged), the-magnets 10 the contact a, the contact arm n, the wire 5, the battery 6, the wire 7 and through the clockwork back to the The energizing of the magnet p .as above noted, causes the armature lever 72 of the discharger to release the contact pl unger Z2 thereby permitting the latter to move upward into engagement with the fixed contact 79 The upward movement ofthe said contact plunger 39 does two thingS to-Wit, its lug 10 permits the spring contact p to disengage itself from the contact 39 thereby break-- ing the above noted circuit, including the battery 6 and the magnets p The second result of the upward movement of theaplun ger p and its engagement with the contact 39 is the closing of a circuit between live service wires 8 and 8 as follows: from the live wire 8, through the-contact p, the plunger 72, the contact 39 the wire 9, magnets 761 of the startingswitch andthe wire 10, back to the other live ,,wire 8 The closingof this circuit energizes the magnets of. the starting ,switch, thereby drawing down the contact lever Z2 into engagement with the fixed contacts AF, andthereby closing a circuit from the live service wires" 8--8 through the field andv armature of the starting motor f, which circuit thus closesas follows from the service wire the wire 10 to the other live wire 8.

8 through a wire 11, motor contacts f motor armature and field and through a wire 12, thence through mercury contacts 61 and, d and contacts 03 of the motor cutout switch (which contact d is then lowcred), thence through the engine framework, a wire 13 and engaged contacts la -lc to the wire 10 and through the latter to the other live wire 8". The effect of this is to start the motor 7 and this motor, once thrown into action, cranks the engine up to aproper predetermined starting speed.

\V'hen the governor balls have been thrown about half way out, by the speed of the engine acquired by the action of the starting motor f, the governor rod 0 will be forced downward far enough to cause the contact (i of the motor starting switch to be raised into an inoperative position and the cofftac't e of the engine cut in switch to be dropped into the cotiperating mercury cups 'ee as shown in Fig. 1. This change in the condition of the motor cut-out and engine cut-in switches has the following effects, to wit: first, it breaks the circuit 2";-

through the starting motor f andpermits the same to drop back and remain idle, and, in the second place, it automaticallvstarts the explosive engine by opening the throttle 0 closing the igniter circuit and closing the vent valves 0 ,-wh1ch latter action closes the cylinders to compression. The above noted automatic starting of the engine, after the cranking speed has been imparted thereto, results from'the closing of a circuit the contact 10 the wire 9, a wire 14, the

magnet 0 a wire 15, the magnet c", a wire 16, a common return wire 17, contacts ee and e to the engine frame, andfrom thence through the wire 13, contacts 7: -l.: and At the same time, the'circuit closed through the field of'the alternatin current generator b is as follows: from he live wire 8, through a portion of the ire 11, through a wire 18 and field termina s b of said generator to a wire 19, and from thence through a common return wire 17 and other return connections just above traced, backt'o the" other live wire 8. j

When the second hand a of the masterclock reaches its straight up position in line with the twelve hour mark on the dial, its

cam a will permit the contact lever a to engage with the cooperating fixed contact charger is energized, it causes the armature lever p" to release the contact 12 and the latter then moves upward and engages with the contact 12 and this closes a circuit through the magnets 12 as follows: from the contacts 39 and p which are then engaged, through magnets 39, through the wire 23, a portion of the wire 5, the battery 6, the wire 7, to the clockwork, and thence through the contacts aa and'the wire 20, back to the said engaged contacts p and p When the magnet 32. is energized, it moves the armature lever p and causes the arms 10 and p to release the spring motor of the discharger, and simultaneously with this action, the engagement of the plunger 79 with the fixed contact p closes the circuit from one to the other of the live wires, through the field of the alternating current generator Z2, and this, as is evident, throws the generator, into action, with the obvious result which, however, will be further con-- sidered after tracing the said circuit thus closed, which is as follows: from the live wire 8, through the contact 29 the plunger 72 the contact 7), a wire 24, magnets m of the high tension switch, and through a wire 25 to the other live wire 8*. The magnets m being thus energized, draw down the contact lever m into engagement with the contacts m thereby closing the high tension circuit of the alternating current generator, through the armature and arma- .tenna g.

In the next to the last preceding paragraph, it was shown how the lefthand magnet n of the time circuit switch was energized simultaneously with the magnet p of the discharger, ,pnder the control of the second hand of the master-clock. When *said magnet 02 was energized, the contact respective above noted functions.

The spark and the resulting Hertzian wares produced. as above stated will continue for a predetermined interval oftime, preferably for about five seconds, at the limit of which time the canr p fl driven' by the released spring motor of the'discharger, acting on the resetting lever 39 will force both of the contact plungers p and p out of engagement with the respective contacts 10 and 79 and back to their normal positions, where they will be secured by their respective armature levers p and 7). Return of the contact plungers p and p to normal position causes the breaking of the circuits through the discharger magnet 79, the starter switch magnet sparking switch magnet on compression magnets c and igniter magnet c, with the obvious result that the explosive engine will be thrown out of action and, the speed thereof will immediately drop. This will restore to normal conditions all the parts at the sendingstation except the lever 27. of the time circuit switch. At a time approximately one hour and a half after the sending of one electrical in'fpulse, the three hour cam a acting on the contact lever a, engages the latter with the fixed contact a and closes breaking the circuit through the said magnet 11 and leaving the parts at rest.

The manner in which the Hertzian waves or electromagnetic oscillations are produced at the sending station and sent out in all directions through the ether and into space at predetermined intervals, assumed to be once every three hours, having now been fully described, attention should be directed to Figs. 19, 20 and 21, which show the receptor clock and associated parts which make up what, for convenience, may be designated as a receiving station. It has also been above stated that any desired number of clocks at a particular recetving station may be controlled by the Hert ian waves operating through a common coherer, selector, relay and battery connections or local circuits, but for the purposes of this case, the re eeiving station will be assumed to include only one receptor clock proper. It should here be remembered that the gear r of the receptor clock, which carries the pin r, is given one complete rotation every three hours and, hence, is timed to correspond to movements of the so-called three hour ham 0. of the receptor clock. Furthermore, the pin r is so arranged that it will engage the short intermediate arm or cam lever r at .a time about two and one-half minutes before the spark generating period and will thereby hold said lever 1' engaged with the contact r as shown in Fig. 19, until about two and one-half minutes after the termina tion of the spark or wave generating period. At all other times during the three hour intervals, said lever 1" will be engaged with the contact r but during the entire spark or wave generating period and while the master clock is being set, said lever, r remains in the said position shown inFig. 19.

When the Hertzian waves are sent out by the master clock, they will strike the receiving antenna-s and be grounded through the coherer s-, thereby reducing the resistance of the filings of the said coherer (an action well known in wireless telegraphy), to such an extent that the current from the low tension battery 1 will flow through the said filings, through wires 2, the clockwork, contact 1 contact lever 1' and relay magnet 8 thus energizing the said relay magnet.

When the relay magnet s is energized, it draws the lever 8 into engagement with the fixed contact 8, thereby closing multiple circuits from a relatively strong battery 29, through the selector magnet t and the decoherer magnet 8 and circuit wires and 31. The decoherer is thus caused to remain in action as long as the Hertzian wave impulse at the sending station is continued and, hence, the relay magnet a will hold the lever s engaged with the fixed contact 8, as above described, throughout the said wave generating period, which is assumed to be fivemseconds in duration; and the magnet t of the selector will remain "energized throughout the same period. When the said selector magnet #1 is energized, it acts upon the armature t and begins to draw the same into line with its pole pieces, but this movement of the'said armature and of the spindle t* is, as already described, retarded by the blades 25 which work in the liquid of the cup t. This movement of the said spindle and armature takes place against the tension of the spring t and the said spring should be so adjusted and the said blades t" should be so normally set that it will require approximately but preferably a fraction of a second less than the period of five seconds continued action of the magnet t of the armature t to produce sui'licient movement of the spindle a to cause its arm 25'', acting on the depending finger 15 to force the de- )endin )ron s of the contact lever i into the mercury of the cups i and i lVhcn the said lever t makes contact between the Jnercury of the cup Z and t. it closes a circuit through the clock-setting magnet, r as follows: from battery 29 through a portion of one of the wires 30, and through a Wire 32 to Contact z, thence through contact lever and contact to wire 33, thence through magnet TH' and wires 3 and '35 back to said battery 29. Vhen the setting magnet r is energized, it moves the beveled end of the spring retracted clock- .settinglever r in the V-shaped notch r of the disk T which, it will be remembered,

is rigid with the minute hand 1"; and this movement of the said lever will set the said minute hand and, hence, also, the hour hand of the receptor clock exactly on the hour; and this is so regardless of whether the said hand at the time just subsequent to setting is ahead or behind time, or, in other words, is running fast or slow. The termination of the five second wave sending inter val will take place approximately simultaneously with the completion of the inward movement of the clock-setting lever r and, 0 hence, the battery 1, being no longer capable of maintaining a circuit through. the undisturbed filings of the coherer, after the decoherer has gone out of action, the relay magnet s will release the spring ie tracted relay lever 8 thereby breaking the circuit through the selector magnet it? with the resulting effect that the contact lever will break the circuit through the clocksetting magnet r thereby permitting the said spring-retracted clock-setting lever r to be returned to its normal orinoperative position immediately after it has performed its functions of properly setting the receptor clock. At a little later period already indicated, the pin 1' will permit the contact lever r to assume its normal engagement with the contact r thereby again shortcircuiting the coherer, so that it will be unefiected by any stray Hertz'ian waves or electromagnetic oscillations, which may be sent out by wireless telegraphy or other analogous apparatus, other than those emitted from the proper sending station under the control of the master-clock.

The so-called sparking; switch is illustrated as located in the high tension circuit of the'generator, but the said switch may be located in either the'field or armature circuit of the said generator. I

The source of the electricalenergy, While preferably of the alternate current generator, may be a direct current generator or a mechanical interrupter.

Instead of the grounded receiving antenna, in connection with the receptor clock, capacity plates may be used.

Instead of an explosive engine for driving the generator, any other suitable prime mover or primary power' supplying mechanism may be employed. In fact, the term engine as herein broadly used, is intended to include such a device, for example, as a water wheel.

lVhat I claim is: 12 5 1. The combination with-a generator and cooperating meansfor producing Hertzian waves. of a normally opensp'arking switch in the generator circuit, an engine for driving said generator; and time controlled waves, of a normally open sparking switch in the generator circuit, an engine for driving said generator, a clock mechanism, and a clockcontrollcd discharger with cooperating electrical connections -for first starting said engine and subsequently closing said sparking switch, the said discharger having a timed mechanism for again opening said sparking switch, to thereby determine the wave-producing pcriodj 3. The combinatron with a generator and an explosive engine for driving the same, of a motor for cranking said engine, a clock mechanism, and means controlled by said clock for first throwing said motor into action, second, for rendering the said explosive engine self-operative and, third, for closing the generator circuit during the predetermined period, substantially as described.

4. The combination with a generator and cooperating devices for producing Hertzian waves, of a normally open sparking switch in the generator circuit, 'amotor for driviug said engine, a clock mechanism, and a discharger controlled by said clock mechanism and having connections for starting said motor and for subsequently closing said sparking switch to produce Hertzian waves.

5. The combination with a generator and cooperating means for producing Hertzian waves including a sparking switch in the generating circuit, means for driving said generator, and time-controlled means for starting and stopping said generator and for closing and opening said switch, substant ally as described.

6. The combination with a generator and cooperating means for producing Hertzian waves, of an explosive engine for driving said generator, an electric motor for cranking said engine, a sparking switch in the generator circuit, a starting switch in the motor circuit, a clock mechanismf'and a clock-controlled starter with electrical connections and codperating devices operating, first, to close said starting switch and render said electric starter motor operative, and subsequently and after the explosive engine has acquired speed, to close said sparking switch and thereby produce the Hertzian- 7 The combination with an explosive engine having a throttle valve controlling the admission of fluid fuel thereto, and provided with a normally open compression valve in a vent'from the cylinder thereof, and automatical clock-controlled means operative at predetermined times to open said throttle valve and to close said compression valve, substantially as described.

8.- The combination with an explosive en gine and a starting motor for cranking the same, said engine having a normally closed throttle valve and a normally open compression valve, of a clock mechanism, and a clock-controlled electrical mechanism with connections arranged, first,-to render said motor operative to crank the engine and. subsequently, to open said throttle valve and close said compression valve, thereby rendering the engine self-operated.

9. The combination with a generator and means cooperating therewith to produce Hertzian waves, of an explosive engine for driving said generator, an electric motor for cranking said engine, a sparking switch in the generator circuit, an electric circuit with devices for starting said engine, a starting switch controlling the motor and engine start ng circuits, a normallv closed motor circuit cut-out switch and a normally opened engine circuit cut-in switch, enginedriven means for imparting reverse movements to said latter noted switches. when the said engine has been given a predeterm ned starting speed. a clock mechanism, and a clock-controlled discharger with electrical connections and cooperat ng devices arranged. first. to close said start ng switch and. subsequently, to close said sparking switch and to therebv produce the spark.

10. The comb nat on w th a generator, of an explosive eng ne for d iving the same. an electr c motor for cranking said engine. a centrifugal governor dri en bv said engine, an eng ne starting circuit including 'a normally open governor-actuated eng ne cut-in switch, a motor circuit including a normallv closed governor-actuated engine cut-out switch. a starting switch controlling both the motor and engine starting circuits, a sparking switch in the generator circuit, a clock mechan sm. and a discharger controlled bv said clock mechanism and comprising circuits and cooperating devices arranged, first, to close said starting switch, later, to close said sparking switch. and. still later. to open the said starting and sparking switches, substantially as described.

11. The combination with an explosive engine provided with a controlling valve mechanism, an igniter circuit and a timer, of a centrifugal engine-driven governor with mechanical connections for adjusting said timer, an engine starting circuit including a magnet for operating said controlling valve and including also a normally open engine cut-in switch, and a clock-com trolled motor for cranking said engine at predetermined times, substantially as de scribed. i I

12. The combination with a generator and cooperating means for producing Hertzian waves, of an explosive engine for driving said generator, an electric motor for cranking said engine, a motor circuit, an engine starting circuit with devices for operating engine-controlling elements, an enginedriven centrifugal governor, a starting switch controlling the motor and engine starting circuits, a sparking switch in the generator circuit, a clock-controlled discharger arranged to, first, close said starting switch and, later, to close said sparking switch, and reversely movable governoractuated motor cut-out and engine cut-in switches respectively in the motor and engine starting circuits.

13. The combination with a Hertzian wave producer, of a discharger controlling said producer through two electric circuits and comprising independent normally open contacts, one in each of said circuits, a magnetic trip for each contact, a timed contact resetting device, a magnetic trip for the latter,'and a clock mechanism with connections for closing circuits through the said magnets of said discharger in the proper order of succession, substantially as described.

'14:. The combination with a Hertzian wave producer, of a discharger controlling said producer through two electric circuits and comprising independent normally open contacts, one in each of said circuits, a magnetic trip for each contact, a timed contact resetting device, a magnetic trip for the latter, a clock mechanism with connections for closing circuits through the said magnets of said discharger in the proper order of succession, and a time circuit switch also controlled by said clock mechanism and operative to out said discharger out of action eX- cept for a limited predetermined period.

In testimony-whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE A. GOODSON.

Witnesses:

HARRY D. KILGORE, FRANK D. MERCHANT. 

